Science - Light from the Sun and Moon
Without a doubt, it is a well-known fact that the moon's radiance originates solely from the Sun, with the moon serving as a mere reflection. The moonlight we perceive is, in actuality, the Sun's light being bounced off the surface of the moon. Nonetheless, this revelation remained unknown for 1400 years.
Qur'an - Light from the Sun and Moon
There are many references to the Sun & Moon in the Quran describing their movement, day & night, 12 months of the year, etc. Some of the most well known verses are about the nature of the light from the Sun & Moon. The light from the moon is referred to as مُّنِيرًا and نُورًا . Both words mean "Light" but they also indicate that the light that doesn't belong to its source! In other words, a mirror! The word سِرَاجًا is used to describe the Sun. It describes both "a source & originator of light" and "a source of heat" similar to a torch or lamp.
تَبَارَكَ ٱلَّذِى جَعَلَ فِى ٱلسَّمَآءِ بُرُوجًا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَٰجًا وَقَمَرًا مُّنِيرًا
"Blessed is He who has placed in the sky great stars and placed therein a [burning] lamp and luminous moon. " 25:61
وَجَعَلَ ٱلْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا وَجَعَلَ ٱلشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًا
"And made the moon therein a [reflected] light and made the sun a burning lamp" 71:16
هُوَ ٱلَّذِى جَعَلَ ٱلشَّمْسَ ضِيَآءً وَٱلْقَمَرَ نُورًا وَقَدَّرَهُۥ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُوا۟ عَدَدَ
ٱلسِّنِينَ وَٱلْحِسَابَ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ ذَٰلِكَ إِلَّا بِٱلْحَقِّ يُفَصِّلُ ٱلْـَٔايَـٰتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ
It is He who made the sun a shining light and the moon a derived light and determined for it phases - that you may know the number of years and account [of time]. Allah has not created this except in truth. He details the signs for a people who know 10:5
وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا
"And made [in the sky] a burning lamp" 78:13
In the following 2 verses, the Sun is described for its light and brightness, while the moon is described as the ones that follows the Sun. Qur'an eloquently states that the moon follows the Sun because it needs to acquire its light from it (to reflect the light from the Sun)!
وَٱلشَّمْسِ وَضُحَىٰهَا وَٱلْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَىٰهَا
By the sun and its brightness; by the moon as it reflects (follows) the sun! 91:1-2
