Layers of atmosphere mostly prevent harmful things to reach the Earth and/or return them back to the sky. In some cases, things go upwards from the Earth and then they are returned back to Earth. For example, water vapor rises from the Earth into the Troposphere (the lowest part of atmosphere) and then returns to Earth in the form of rain or snow. Another example that we are familiar with is that the ionosphere reflects and absorbs radio waves, allowing us to receive shortwave radio broadcasts across the world.
Science - Returning Sky
Qur'an - Returning Sky
Please note that 1400 years ago, people did not know that evaporation of water on Earth forms the clouds and consequently the water returns to Earth in the form of rain/snow. They didn't know the entire cycle. They just knew that rain and snow falls from the sky. Qur'an uses the word "return"! After the recent scientific discoveries, we know that the verse also applies to the functionality of other layers of atmosphere.
وَٱلسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ ٱلرَّجْعِ
By the sky which returns 86:11
Video courtesy of WindowsofIslam.com
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